Which term involves pairing two CSs (CS1+CS2) rather than CS-US?

Which term involves pairing two CSs (CS1+CS2) rather than CS-US?

• A. Trace Conditioning
• B. Second-Order Conditioning
• C. Respondent Acquisition
• D. Simultaneous Conditioning

Answer: (B)

This question targets higher-order conditioning, specifically second-order conditioning, where a new conditioned stimulus is paired with an existing conditioned stimulus rather than with the unconditioned stimulus. In practice, you first create a CS1 by pairing it with the US so CS1 elicits the conditioned response. Then you pair CS2 with CS1, and through that association CS2 begins to elicit the same response even though it has never been paired directly with the US. For example, if a dog learns that a bell (CS1) predicts meat (US) and salivates, you can pair a light (CS2) with the bell. Eventually, the light alone may trigger salivation because it now becomes associated with CS1, which already predicts the US. Trace conditioning, by contrast, involves a gap between the CS and the US, with the response linked to the temporal trace of the CS. Simultaneous conditioning pairs the CS and US at the same time, so the CR is tied to the occurrence together. Respondent acquisition refers to the general process of forming a CR by pairing a neutral stimulus with the US, not specifically about pairing two CSs.

This question targets higher-order conditioning, specifically second-order conditioning, where a new conditioned stimulus is paired with an existing conditioned stimulus rather than with the unconditioned stimulus. In practice, you first create a CS1 by pairing it with the US so CS1 elicits the conditioned response. Then you pair CS2 with CS1, and through that association CS2 begins to elicit the same response even though it has never been paired directly with the US. For example, if a dog learns that a bell (CS1) predicts meat (US) and salivates, you can pair a light (CS2) with the bell. Eventually, the light alone may trigger salivation because it now becomes associated with CS1, which already predicts the US.

Trace conditioning, by contrast, involves a gap between the CS and the US, with the response linked to the temporal trace of the CS. Simultaneous conditioning pairs the CS and US at the same time, so the CR is tied to the occurrence together. Respondent acquisition refers to the general process of forming a CR by pairing a neutral stimulus with the US, not specifically about pairing two CSs.